Melanosomes must be transported from the perinuclear region to melanocyte dendrites and then to keratinocytes ( Alzahofi et al., 2020 Jiang et al., 2020). The distribution of melanosomes within melanocytes is the result of competition between microtubules and actin-dependent transport ( Gross et al., 2002). Two types of melanin are produced by neural crest-derived melanocytes ( Moreiras et al., 2021). Given the complexity of pigmentation traits, the genetic foundation of some of them still remains unraveled.įeather colors in birds are mainly determined by the distribution and quantity of eumelanin and phaeomelanin and the size, number, and type of compartments containing melanin in keratinocytes. Multiple genes have been found to be associated with animal pigmentation ( ) ( Baxter et al., 2019). The diversity of the plumage colors is regulated by multiple genes, and a number of genetic mutations have been identified for certain feather color traits ( Cieslak et al., 2011). Our results showed that EGR1 is a most plausible candidate gene for black plumage, RAB17, MLPH, and SOX5 for lavender plumage, and GRM5 for yellow plumage in Baicheng You chicken.Ĭhicken plumage color is driven by natural, sexual, and artificial selection ( Roulin and Ducrest, 2013). MLPH, GRM5, and SOX5 genes have been found to be related to plumage colors in birds. We found that EGR1, MLPH, RAB17, SOX5, and GRM5 genes were the potential genes for black, lavender, and yellow feathers. By analyzing the divergent regions of the genome among the chickens with different feather colors, we identified some candidate genomic regions associated with the feather colors in Baicheng You chickens. To explore the genetic mechanisms underlying the pigmentation in Baicheng You chickens, we re-sequenced the whole genome of Baicheng You chicken with the three plumage colors. The Baicheng You chicken is an indigenous Chinese chicken breed presenting three main feather colors, lavender, black, and yellow plumages. 4College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi, ChinaĬhicken plumage color is an inheritable phenotype that was naturally and artificially selected for during domestication.
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